In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is the most advanced
method of assisted reproduction,
where fertilization and early embryo development
occur outside the female reproductive
system, within a controlled laboratory
environment. IVF is indicated in the
following cases:

– Obstructed or damaged fallopian tubes
– Severe sperm abnormalities
– Repeated failure of simpler fertility treatments
– Advanced maternal age
– Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) requirements
– Surrogacy arrangements
The IVF process includes a range of specialized
techniques designed to optimize
success rates and tailor treatment to each
couple’s needs.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

ICSI involves the direct injection of a single
sperm into the cytoplasm of an egg. It is
primarily used in cases of severe male factor
infertility or when previous IVF cycles
have failed to achieve fertilization.

Intracytoplasmic Morphologically Selected
Sperm Injection (IMSI)

IMSI is an advanced form of ICSI that uses
high-magnification microscopy to select
sperm with the best morphological characteristics.
It may be recommended in cases
of:

– High sperm DNA fragmentation
– Repeated IVF/ICSI failures
– Severe teratozoospermia
(abnormal sperm morphology)
Both ICSI and IMSI fall under the IVF umbrella,
offering highly personalized fertilization
methods depending on sperm quality
and fertilization history.