Causes of Infertility Infertility affects approximately
1 in 6 people globally. It is defined
as the inability to conceive after 12
months of regular, unprotected intercourse
(or after 6 months if the woman is over 35).
Fertility should always be evaluated as a
couple’s issue one or both partners may be
affected, and several causes often coexist.
Female Factors

1. Ovulation Disorders

Irregular or absent ovulation is a leading
cause. Conditions such as polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS), thyroid dysfunction, or
primary ovarian insufficiency may disrupt
egg release.

2. Fallopian Tube Damage

Blocked or scarred tubes from pelvic inflammatory
disease, endometriosis, or previous
surgery can prevent fertilization.

3. Uterine Abnormalities

Fibroids, polyps, or congenital malformations
can interfere with embryo implantation.

4. Endometriosis

This inflammatory condition may impair
egg quality, disrupt the pelvic environment,
or damage reproductive anatomy.

5. Age Related Decline

Female fertility declines gradually after 30
and significantly after 35 due to reduced
egg quality and quantity.