INFERTILITY OPTIONS
Causes
of Infertility
Causes of Infertility Infertility affects approximately
1 in 6 people globally. It is defined
as the inability to conceive after 12
months of regular, unprotected intercourse
(or after 6 months if the woman is over 35).
Fertility should always be evaluated as a
couple’s issue one or both partners may be
affected, and several causes often coexist.
Female Factors
1. Ovulation Disorders
Irregular or absent ovulation is a leading
cause. Conditions such as polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS), thyroid dysfunction, or
primary ovarian insufficiency may disrupt
egg release.
2. Fallopian Tube Damage
Blocked or scarred tubes from pelvic inflammatory
disease, endometriosis, or previous
surgery can prevent fertilization.
3. Uterine Abnormalities
Fibroids, polyps, or congenital malformations
can interfere with embryo implantation.
4. Endometriosis
This inflammatory condition may impair
egg quality, disrupt the pelvic environment,
or damage reproductive anatomy.
5. Age Related Decline
Female fertility declines gradually after 30
and significantly after 35 due to reduced
egg quality and quantity.
MALE FACTORS
1. Sperm Production Issues
Low sperm count (oligospermia) or absence
of sperm (azoospermia) may result
from genetic conditions, hormonal imbalances,
infections, or testicular damage.
2. Sperm Function Defects
Poor motility or abnormal morphology can
reduce fertilization chances. Lifestyle factors
like smoking or heat exposure may
contribute.
3. Varicocele
Enlarged scrotal veins can impair sperm
quality and count.
4. Blockages or Ejaculation
Disorders
Obstructions or retrograde ejaculation may
prevent sperm from entering the semen.
5. Environmental & Lifestyle
Influences
Toxins, alcohol, drug use, obesity, and certain
medications can impact male fertility.
Unexplained Infertility
In 10–20% of cases, standard tests show
no abnormalities in either partner. These
are classified as unexplained infertility
possibly due to subtle or undetectable
biological issues. Many couples in
this category still conceive with time or
treatment
DISCLAIMER
The content provided on this website is intended
for informational and educational
purposes only. It does not constitute medical
advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always
seek the guidance of your physician
or a qualified healthcare provider with any
questions you may have regarding a medical
condition or fertility concerns. Our
agency does not offer clinical services we
provide access, coordination, and support
to help you navigate your fertility journey
with trusted experts.
Bibliography 1. Gnoth C et al. Time to pregnancy:
German prospective study and impact
on infertility management. Human Reproduction.
2005;20(4):1140–1146. 2. World
Health Organization. Infertility Fact Sheet.
WHO; 2020. 3. American College of Obstetricians
and Gynecologists. Optimizing
Natural Fertility. Committee Opinion
No. 781; 2022. 4. ESHRE. Guideline on Female
Age and Reproduction.2023. 5. Hariyanto
N et al. Effect of Male Age on Sperm
Parameters: Systematic Review. PubMed ID
31912345; 2019.